SecurityDriver News

I recently visited the Executive Security International (ESI) Stalker Training program in Grand Junction Colorado. The Stalker Program is a part of ESI’s Executive Protection Residency Program. As I walked into the classroom the first thing I noticed was the use of computers as a method of communications and instruction. ESI requires students to bring a lap top to the program and supplies them with a thumb drive that has the lessons and power points. As the instructor give their presentations students follow along on their computers. It was one of those “Why didn’t I think of that” moments.

 These are my observations of the Stalker program. The subjects include

Threat Assessments

Threat management

Surveillance Detection

Advancing

Moving the Principal

Security Surveys

None of the above is new to the world of EP Training but it is how the program is packaged, presented, and students tested that is unusual in the industry and impressive.

The students are split into groups and are assigned to do advances on hotels, restaurants and the airport, produce a plan, present their plan to the instructors, and then implement the plan. This part of the program frankly is what most of the other programs teach, but where this program differs from others I have observed are the time factor, and the interaction between student and instructor.

 The length of program allows the students ample time to complete the task. There is a lot of communications from instructor to student. After every field exercises the students huddle up with their instructors to review the exercises, they go over the good and the not too good. The not too good is analyzed, dissected and lessons learned are discussed, and the students go back out and do it again. Since the instructors are been there done that guys, the lessons learned are real and often taken from their experience – good ones and bad ones, makes for one hell of a teaching tool.

 Prior to the above students are split into groups and assigned to a client who is a victim of a Stalker. The teams get a series of letters. These are REAL LETTERS that were sent to REAL PEOPLE, who have or had a REAL THREAT.

 Students use their Threat Analysis training to provide a preliminary risk assessment, and then use their Threat Assessment training to single out the one letter that is an imminent threat

 Once they identify the letter that represents a threat to their principal, they go through a series of role playing exercises. Using investigative tools and additional role playing they zero in the stalkers. By asking the correct questions during the role playing exercises students will eventually be able to identify the stalkers address, their criminal history, and a myriad of information that will help them to protect their client.

There is an extensive use of role player, at times I had to remind myself that they were role players. The role players are “The stalkers” – the client – a handwriting expert – a Sheriff and a Psychologist.  Again they have ample time, and coaching from the instructors to achieve the standard that has been set. But it’s not just the role players, the time and the instructors it is also the logical systematic order in which it unfolds.

 The conclusion is the threat assessments and management reports that each student (not group) must submit and is graded on. I read one and have to say it was one of the best I have have read, not just from a student, from anyone.

In the Stalking program ESI creates a learning environment that gives the student the time and coaching to reach a predetermined standard, then measures to assure they have reached that standard. The attention to detail, the realism, and the role playing is more than I can put into an article.  I did not witness the entire program, but there seems to be a training philosophy that emphasizes “team building under stress” that runs through the entire Executive Protection Residency Program. A short article like this simply cannot do this program justice.

ESI is in the process of making the Stalker Program a corporate stand alone program, more on this later.

July 24, 2010

For the protection specialist or security driver the worst-case scenario is a deliberate attempt to stop the vehicle.  Surviving those scenarios requires the ability to keep the vehicle moving and clear the kill zone as quickly as possible – no matter what is happening outside the vehicle.

Focused, Intense, Effective Training

 VDI’s Immediate Action Driving Skills course is designed to provide security practitioners – from the entry-level protection specialist to highly experienced private sector, military and law enforcement professionals - the training and experience needed to deal with the worst-case scenario, a vehicle ambush. Where survival comes down to the driver’s ability to respond instinctively to the threat, when the difference between success and failure is measured in tenths of a second. 

This one day course provides students with an opportunity to:

 - Learn from professionals with real world experience

 - Experience the realities of driving through a kill zone        

 - Understand how to effectivelyoperate damaged vehicles

 Students will gain hands-on, practical experience in:

 - Pushing through roadblocks - (One & two vehicle ramming)

 - Defeating rolling ambushes - (PIT/Counter-PIT techniques)

 - Dealing with an incapacitated driver – (Driving from passenger seat)

 - Forced lane excursions – (Surface transitions)

For addtional information
Joseph Autera
Tony Scotti’s Vehicle Dynamics Institute
Tel: 732 738-5221
Cell : 732–586-4020   email: jautera@vehicledynamics.net

Or Tony Scotti
781 395 3097 email tonyscotti@securitydriver.com

OTM’s – Other than Mexicans – coming across the border – Who is coming into the US from Mexico?

This was sent to me by a friend; it is a new broadcast from a TV station in Atlanta.

 http://www.wsbtv.com/video/23438021/index.html

http://www.wsbtv.com/video/23438712/index.html

The International Executive Protection Conference sponsored by the ESI Alumni Association will be held in Las Vegas Aug 6th to the 8th at the Caesar’s Place.

The conference is a networking event opened to all Protection Professionals. The conference presents a unique opportunity to network with others in the business. Studies indicate that 75% of all positions are filled by networking, my guess would be in the protection business that number is higher.

There are discussions by industry leaders such as – Directors of Security of major corporations – Detail Leaders from high end security companies – Personal Protection Agents working in the industry, all of them willing to share their experience with you.

For three days the conference delivers seminars that are relevant to the success of your business or career. Subjects that you won’t find in most other Protection Conferences – like financing and budgeting – International travel for the EP agent – Resume writing – you can have your resume reviewed by people who have worked in the industry for decades and have looked at hundreds of resumes.

And in my opinion one of the most important seminars of the convention is the “Building a Business including Branding and Marketing”. The talk is given by a graduate of the prestigious Wharton School of Business, who also happens to be the CEO of a Security Company with 18 years of experience supplying personal protection agents.

There are other great subjects covering the use of K9’s and Close Protection

Oh I forgot to mention that I will be the Keynote Speaker

For more information

Jerry Glazebrook and Dr. Nick Nicholson, the Authors’ of the industry standard book “The Executive Protection Specialist Handbook”, have developed a task analysis for Executive Protection. The document is titled EP Core Competencies. I have known Jerry and Nick for longer than the three of us would want to admit. It would take a couple of pages to go over all their accomplishments. So I would suggest you read their bios.

Jerry’s Bio  Web Site   Email glazerjh@aol.com   Nicks Bio   Web Site    Email nnicholson@alallc.us

If you have any comments they would like to hear them, or if you have any questions I’m sure they would be happy to answer them.

EP Core Competencies

By Jerry Glazebrook and Dr. Nick Nicholson

Research
Knowledge of Sources of Information
Understand and Apply Basics Research Principles
Ability to Conduct Research on Travel, New Technology, and Individuals
Knowledge and Ability to Operate Computers
Ability to Gather Operational Intelligence
Ability to Develop Threat Profiles
Ability in Preparing a Personal Profile

Interpersonal Communications
Ability to Network with Others
Skilled in Effective Communication
Develop Independent Thinking Skills
Develop Team Skills
Ability to Conduct Interviews
Knowledge in Dress, Protocol, Personal
Appearance, Manners, Conduct, and Dining Etiquette
Ability to Liaison with Other Organizations
Ability to Effectively Communicate over the Phone and Radio
Knowledge of Verbal Persuasion Techniques
Recruiting and Selecting Personnel

Mechanical Ability
Basic Protection Equipment Operation
Understand Fire Prevention and Extinguish Techniques
Understand basic auto repair – changing flat tires-etc.

Presentation Skills
Conduct Training and Briefings for Principals Agents
Understand the Basic Instructional System Design Principles
Creating Effective Presentations

Inspections Advance Work
Conducting a Physical Security Surveys
Office
Residence
Routes
Choke Points & Danger Zones
Conducting Risk Assessments
Understanding the Specialized Interests of Children, Family Members, Visitors, Household
Staffs, and Recreational Activities

Emergency Medical Care
CPR
Trauma (Combat) Casualty Care
First Aid
Health and Safety Issues
Water Rescue

Specialized Security Concerns
Crowd Control
Identifying Mental Illness
Understanding Seaport Security
Maritime Tactical Boarding and Yacht
Understanding Aircraft Security
Special Function Planning – Parties, Concerts, Theater. etc.
Violence in the Workplace Issues
Terrorism Issues

Use of Force Issues
Defensive Tactics – Countermeasures
Intermediate Use of Force Weapons; Kubaton, Sprays. etc.

Technical Security Issues
Understanding Basic Explosive Devices
Detecting/Recognition Explosive Devices
Understanding “bugs” and Listening Devices
Detection of Listening Devices and Bugs
Conduct Preliminary Searches for Listening Devices
Understanding Sensor (Alarm) Technology and Operations

Writing Skills
Knowledge of Terminology
Report Writing
Developing Operation Orders/Policies & Procedures
Preparing Travel Reports

Driving Skills
Perform Safe Driving Techniques
Develop Evasive Driving Skills
Understand and Perform Motorcade Procedures

Physical Fitness
Physical Exercise & Weight Lifting
Endurance
Diet
Survival as a hostage
Stress Management Techniques

Firearms Training
Knowledge of Basic Firearms Skills
Ability to Effectively Shoot Required Weapons
Knowledge of Ballistic Hardware
Ability to Shoot on the Move
Ability to Perform Close Quarter Encounters (Combat)

Legal Issues
Knowledge of Protective Law
Preparing Case Information for Legal Authorities
Understanding Stalkers and the Law

Crisis Management
Planning
Command Post Operations
Managing a Command Post

Moving the Principal
Understand the Basic Principal Movement Techniques
Orienteering, Map Reading, and Movements in Emergency Situations
Ability to Perform Movements, Signals, Positioning, Arrivals and Departures

Surveillance Detection Skills
Ability to Observe/Describe/Identify People and Vehicles for Later Recall
Understand the Surveillance Process
Equipment & Cameras
Basic Surveillance Techniques

By – Frank Gallagher Fg0321@gmail.com

First off, I want to say thanks to everyone that took the time to read the original article and responded. Criticizing or making observations is always a double edged sword. Some agreed wholeheartedly with what I wrote, some agreed with parts and others were incensed by what I wrote. Everyone is entitled to their opinion.

The biggest concept/concern that I was trying to get across was that there is a major lack of respect for what we do. The clients have lost respect for the profession and the protection agents have lost respect for themselves and what we do. It raises the age old question – what comes first – the chicken or the egg?

As I wrote, we are in the service industry. We provide a valuable service to the people that we protect. We keep them out of trouble, the tabloids, the court system, and allow them to live as a normal a life as possible. An honorable goal, if I do say so myself.

Many times, the lines between what we are supposed to do and what we end up doing get very blurry. Again, the acid test for me is always – what is safer for the client. There is no line in the sand nor is it a measure of testosterone levels. The safety and security of the client must always come first.

Anyone that has been in the business knows that we are sometimes asked to do thing above and beyond what our job description is. In an emergency, we do what we have to do. But, what constitutes an emergency? Is a lack of planning by the house staff an emergency that makes us don a butler’s outfit and serve drinks? Is the chef over sleeping an emergency that means we cook breakfast? Maybe, maybe not.

The overriding question (to me anyway) becomes, if it happens once and we do what we think is the right thing have we set the stage for this to become a common place or regular request or expected duties? Are we, the ultimate utility tool for the client? Do we cut the grass when the gardener fails to show up the day of an afternoon party? (HORRORS! The lawn looks terrible! We’ll be embarrassed! Get the security team out there now!) Do we serve drinks at every party because we did it once? Do we begin to make breakfast every morning? How does the client begin to view us? Are we dual or tripled tasked with chores that should be done by the butler, maids, chefs, or nannies? Have we lost the respect for the profession and the respect of the client?

My intent in the original article was to point out that we need to stick to what we do best – protect the client and their family. While we’re serving drinks or making breakfast, who is watching the security cameras? Who’s doing the advances, running the routes, or patrolling the property while we are doing someone else’s’ job? Does someone take our place in the command post? Or does the client begin to think that we’re not really that important? Respect is a two way street.

And always remember, that respect is earned. It does not come with a title or a job description. It is earned every day. Most clients are successful because they are predators, bullies, leaders in their fields. They eat the weak. They respect and acknowledge strength when they see it and meet it. I have yet to meet a client that did not respect me for explaining what we do and why. And, the strange requests rarely come my way.

Where do we, as professionals, draw the line?

Thanks for the feedback.

Introduction

Frank Gallagher is one of the few protection professionals that have the credentials to write this article. Those credentials are impeccable, and his concerns are valid. Frank writes from the perspective of a person that has worked at all levels of risk. He was the AIC of the Bremer detail in Iraq, and the Director of Security for Henry Kissinger for more than six years, and he was a lead instructor for the ATAP program.

 He has done protection operations in 46 countries. Some extremely high threat, some nearly zero threat. To date his track record is pretty good. He has had zero casualties for VIP’s and zero for his team. He has taught protection in another dozen extremely high threat countries. None of the people that he has taught have ever had a VIP injured.

Read it and feel free to comment – you can comment here on the Blogs or contact Frank at fg0321@gmail.com

Executive Protection in 2010 – Have We Lost Perspective?

Being an executive protection agent used to be a vocation of a higher calling. Think about it – we knowingly put ourselves in harm’s way every day to make sure that other people are not hurt or embarrassed. Yet 99% of the population goes through their daily lives avoiding confrontation at all costs. And, for some reason, we look to put ourselves directly in the path of potential danger. The people that we protect may or may not have significant risks to their safety due to their political views, are movie stars, rappers, famous entertainers, their socio-economic standing (rich people), or have made business decisions that angered fringe groups. Some fanatics may believe that based upon their notoriety that these folks are open game to insult or injury at the time and choosing of their fanaticism.

Other times, we are there to simply keep the protected from becoming a target of opportunity. We analyze their daily routines and try to keep them from becoming predictable and attempt to dissuade them from doing stupid things. Oft times we are successful, other times we are not. We strive to keep them from being hurt, killed, their kids kidnapped, from being blackmailed, embarrassed, or cast in an unflattering light. This is an honorable profession. We do what we do because we can. We fight for those who can’t or won’t fight for themselves. We allow them to live a semblance of a normal life.

Think about it for a second. The reward for the truly successful is to be surrounded by people (myself included) that they would never even talk to, if we did not provide a service to them. They look at us as an evil necessity. They don’t and will never understand why we do what we do. To them, we are truly the Neanderthals – we haven’t evolved. We serve a purpose that is not understood by them and never will be. If nothing ever happens to the people that we are protecting it raises the question in their mind of whether or not they really need us. But, the real question is: did nothing ever happen because we were there?

I have been doing this for a long time. I have done protection in 46 countries, have taught thousands of students (both American and foreign), worked in extremely high threat environments and on details where there really was no threat. I have met hundreds of fellow protection specialists (both American and foreign). Some were outstanding, true professionals, others were the epitome of everything that is wrong with the industry today. Why are the less than the best still working in the field? They are destroying our image and making life very difficult for the guys and gals that know what they are doing. They are the reason that our protectees look at us with disdain most of the time.

Fat, lazy, stupid, excuse driven people should not be in the business. We need to know what our job is and how to do it. We need to run routes, do our reconnaissance, our threat assessments, and pick the best ways to keep our principals safe. Unfortunately, there is a subset of protection agent today that seems to think that they should be friends with the principal, that they should cross the line between protector and servant. They want to keep their job at all costs and will do anything to keep it.

Yes, we are in the service industry. In the private sector, do we sometimes carry bags and run to the store for the families that we are working for? Of course we do. The acid test for me always comes down to the question of what is safer for my client. Is it safer for me to run to the drug store and pick up a prescription or is it safer for the VIP to do it? The safety and security of our clients always comes first.

There are, however, some lines that should never be crossed. And once crossed, there is no putting Pandora back in the box. Every time one of us crosses this line, it makes it impossible for the agents that follow to do their jobs properly. We, as professionals need to make sure that our VIP’s realize what our true functions are. We are not butlers, cooks, servants, or other members of the house hold staff. Our job is to give up our lives if called upon to do so. We move in front of threats, cover and evacuate our charges. We do so knowing that may be injured in the process.

Every time a client asks a protection agent to do something out of the norm, we have to respectfully explain that the task asked is not part of our responsibility. We are asked to do these things most often because the client has lost complete respect for our profession. This usually happens for a couple of reasons. We got lost taking the client somewhere, we were late for work, late for a pickup, forgot some equipment (medical gear is the most often problem i.e. band aids, aspirin, meds) or we get caught sleeping in the command post or we get caught trying to impress the buxom maid with our masculine charms. The client begins to think we do nothing but take their money because there never has been an attack or a kidnapping and as long as we’re there, we might as well take the coats of guests and help serve drinks. And, believe it or not, there are protection agents that do these things. They gladly do these things to keep their jobs not realizing that they are allowing the client to disrespect them to the highest order. Do you think for a second that the Secret Service agents take coats and serve drinks? Or the State Department protection agents? Hell no, they don’t.

I recently had a protection agent describe to me how he made breakfast for his client. When I asked why he didn’t wake up the chef to do so, he told me the chef was sleeping. I asked him if the chef would have taken the client to the office that day if the protection agent were asleep. Of course not he answered. Well, I asked him why would he ever make breakfast? He answered that he thought the client really liked how he made his scrambled eggs. What happens when the client asks the next protection agent to make him breakfast and the real professional says no, that’s not his job? Again, what are these agents thinking? This same guy also described to me how the client likes his bagels and cream cheese. When I asked him why he knew this, he said that he prepares them for him all time. The agent gets a sesame bagel, toasts it, and then hollows out the bread part of the bagel before applying the proper amount of cream cheese to the bagel. Are you fucking kidding me? And he was proud of this. This guy is not a protection agent, he’s a servant.

Of course, this same detail does not have route cards so new agents can learn the basics of the daily routine. Evidently this client has a preferred set of routes that cannot be deviated from. Again, why? Has no one ever explained to the client that varying routes is an easy way to NOT being predictable? There is nothing written down that can be studied by new agents. And, of course, these were all brand new ideas that were met with extreme resistance because they it would have meant the agents actually sat down and did some work instead of flirting with the house staff.

Is this the way of the profession in the 21^st century? I hope not. When the principals lose respect for the protection agents, then it is time to move on. Are we becoming a profession of man servants or do we still answer to a higher calling? I, for one, still have to shave every day and the man in the mirror does not lie. You see who and what you are. You can deceive others, but you can’t fool the guy in the mirror. Is there something wrong with being a professional? Or have we reached the point that the clients have such a disregard for protection agents that we are now only drivers/cooks/butlers/house maids?

The only way to change this problem is through education. Both for the agents and the clients.

Respect has to be a 2 way street. We have to respect the wishes and wants of the clients, but the clients have to understand what we do and why. We can’t keep crossing the line between protector and man servant. We have to have enough self respect and self esteem to verbalize what our job is. We need to make the clients understand what we are there for. And we need to do our jobs properly. And when push comes to shove, an agent has to make the right decision each time. Do we face off with bad guy with gun? Of course, we do. Do we face off with VIP when he says to cook his breakfast? In my world, the answer is YES. Breakfast is not my job and never will be. We don’t ask the chef to take on the man with gun, why should we scramble eggs?

We have developed an iPhone Application on Distracted Driving. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) driver distractions are the leading cause of most vehicle crashes and near-crashes.  The App came about when we looked at a study released by the NHTSA and the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute (VTTI).  The study discovered that 80% of crashes and 65% of near-crashes involve some form of driver distraction – and the distraction occurred within three seconds before the vehicle crash!   For those in High Risk Security that number “three seconds” is familiar. It is the “Kill Zone”.

The Kill Zone Concept is used to train our troops in Iraq and Afghanistan to avoid a vehicle ambush. Our iPhone Application uses the same theory to explain and avoid the dangers of Distracted Driving.

The theory is simple; a Kill Zone is a time-distance relationship. How much time does the driver have and how close is the problem (distance)?  The Kill Zone is directly related to the speed of the vehicle when the incident occurs.

An example of how Kill Zones relate to Distracted Driving look at the following scenario – You are 300 feet from a traffic light moving at 40 mph which is 60 feet per second. You get a text message; it takes 3 seconds to read the message – that means you drove 180 feet (3 seconds x 60 fps) without looking at the road. 

You were 300 feet from the traffic light, but as you were reading the text message, you moved 180 feet. When you looked up from the text message, you are 120 feet (300 -180) from the traffic light that has now changed from yellow to red.

You are 120 feet in front of the red light and closing in at 60 fps.  You are in the Kill Zone, a time distance relationship, the distance is 120 feet and some quick arithmetic tells you that you have two seconds to react. And you are driving deeper into the kill zone.

If you can get you foot on the brake in a half-second (that’s fast), you will travel 30 feet (half of 60 fps).  So at the point of applying your brakes, you are 90 feet from the traffic light (the initial 120 feet minus the 30 feet it took to reach for the brake). 

You will have to stop a car moving at 40 MPH (60 feet a sec) in 1.5 seconds. Life is going to get terribly exciting.

Our App uses case studies in the form of presentations, similar to the one above, and offers lessons learned.  The objective is to keep you out of the kill zone. 

You can direct any questions or comments to

tonyscotti@securitydriver.com

lawrence.snow@sjcwebdesign.com

First and foremost driver training is a science. If an instructor places a student in a scenario that defies the laws of physics they will fail, over and over again. A driver’s limit is dictated by the laws of physics as they apply to a specific vehicle and environment, like it or not, and despite what some might say, driving is a MEASURABLE SKILL. Many of the multi-discipline training programs, some of which include a driver training component, will objectively test every discipline EXCEPT driving, from our perspective this makes no sense at all and is a dis-service to the student. While it is true that measuring driving skill is a bit more complicated than measuring the students ability to shoot and hit the target – as evidenced by the “clang” of steel or the holes in the paper. When looking at driving skills, there has been a great deal of research done, money spent and data collected that allows us to better understand  how drivers make decisions in emergencies and  how long it takes them to make the decisions that determine success or failure. The end result of all this research is the advancements that have been made in measuring driving skill and, therefore, survivability in an emergency scenario. For some inexplicable reason most of this vitally important information is largely ignored by the driver training community, with the exception of some of the high end racing schools.

There are books and engineering papers that highlight the criticality of accurately measuring and monitoring driver/vehicle characteristics and performance.  These measurements are essential to any and all advanced driver training programs that seek to improve the driver’s ability to recognize and effectively respond to behind-the-wheel emergencies without losing control of their vehicle. In situations that offer the driver limited maneuvering room and even less time, maintaining control of a vehicle requires the driver to operate within a narrow range of speed (deceleration or acceleration) and steering inputs, the limits of which are defined by – you guessed it, the laws of physics. Once that is understood, it begins to make a whole lot of sense that all of the research available arrives at the same conclusion, in an accident or ambush the difference between success and failure is measured in tenths of seconds, and/or an increase or decrease in steering angle of a couple of degrees, and/or a speed differential of 2 MPH. With the difference between success and failure being so small, it is absurd to attempt to evaluate vehicle/driver performance just by observing the vehicle as it is driven through an exercise or scenario, or, worse yet, attempting to evaluate and coach from the passenger seat, where it is simply impossible to discern the dramatic effect a small variation in driver inputs is having on the vehicles outputs.  Scientifically and accurately measuring performance is really not that difficult – all it requires is a $200 on board computer (called a G Meter), a radar gun, perhaps a stop watch, a working knowledge of the laws of physics and the single most important component of all, – an open mind – it’s a practice that is largely shunned by the driver training community.  In turn, exercises are often conducted for the sake of conducting them, with no real thought given to developing or refining specific skill sets or, for that matter, how the exercise may apply to real world scenarios the student is likely to encounter. At its worse, this can be wholly counter-productive as certain exercises may have no practical application to the environments and emergencies a student may have to confront while behind the wheel.

 Future articles will discuss testing procedures. TSVDI uses a G Tech G Meters 

We also have tested the Vector G Meter

We tend to think about vehicle ambush as something that happens someplace other than the US. But recently one of our former students got involved in a problem that is worth talking about.

George TZ was driving his principals 250K Bentley Turbo (Minus the principal) though the streets of one of the New York Burroughs.

George noticed a SUV, with a tinted windshield, Connecticut plates behind him; tinted windshields are illegal in New York. He didn’t pay much attention to the vehicle until he noticed the SUV still behind him a few miles down the road. At that point George decided to drive a surveillance detection route, and at the completion of the route the SUV was still there. George called 911 told the dispatcher the scenario, the decision was made to have a police vehicle meet George at a particular intersection. On his way to the rendezvous point, while waiting at a stop light, the SUV pulled around George and blocked his path. Two young gentlemen got out of the SUV with their hands inside their jackets and started to approach the Bentley.

George ran the options through his mind, ram (a $250,000 vehicle) or drive around the blocking SUV. He determined there was enough space to drive around the SUV, driving away from the would be bad guys. All this happening in seconds, he got back to the dispatcher and had the police meet him at the place of the almost ambush.

The police felt the description fit that of a group doing bad things in the New York area.

Lessons Learned

• George was alert and saw the SUV
• He understood the concept of Surveillance Detection
• Once the ambush started George went through his options and executed the selected option
• George has been involved in Security Driving for many years, but is constantly updating his driving and security skills.